Which test is used to assess supraspinatus function by resisted abduction?

• A. Drop Arm test
• B. Hawkins-Kennedy test
• C. Empty Can test
• D. Neer's test

Answer: (C)

The test targets the supraspinatus by challenging it directly with resisted abduction. Position the arm so the shoulder is flexed about 90 degrees and slightly forward with the thumb pointing downward (internal rotation). In this alignment, the supraspinatus is stressed as it initiates and helps with abduction, while other muscles are less able to compensate. The clinician applies downward resistance while the patient attempts to lift, and a weak or painful response suggests supraspinatus pathology such as tendinopathy or a tear.

This differs from impingement maneuvers like Hawkins-Kennedy or Neer, which reproduce pain from structures pinching under the acromion rather than specifically testing supraspinatus strength. A drop arm test, by contrast, assesses the ability to control a fully abducted arm and is more about tear detection than isolated resisted abduction in the empty-can position.